No, pepper spray (also called mace or OC spray) is not legal in Canada for self-defence.
Under the Criminal Code, it is classified as a prohibited weapon when intended for use against people.
That means you cannot buy, carry, or use pepper spray to protect yourself.
The only exception is animal repellents like bear spray, which are legal if used as intended — but using them on people can still lead to criminal charges.
But the law has some nuances.
Below, we’ll look at what Canadian law actually says, why pepper spray is banned, how bear spray fits into the picture, and what alternatives exist for Canadians thinking about personal safety.
SCHEDULE A CONSULTATION WITH A CRIMINAL DEFENCE LAWYER
Under the Criminal Code, any spray that is capable of injuring, immobilizing, or otherwise incapacitating someone is a prohibited weapon.
This includes common forms of pepper spray and mace.
If someone is found with pepper spray for self-defence, they could face charges such as:
If the spray is actually used against another person, it could lead to more serious charges such as assault with a weapon or assault causing bodily harm (s. 267 Criminal Code).
Canada’s approach to weapon regulation emphasizes public safety.
Pepper spray is banned for use against people because:
Lawmakers classify pepper spray alongside other restricted items because of its potential to harm and escalate confrontations.
Bear spray is treated differently under Canadian law.
It is legal when sold and carried as an animal repellent, typically marketed for wilderness protection.
It’s regulated as a pest-control product under federal law.
However, the distinction comes down to intent and use:
Some provinces and municipalities have also placed restrictions on carrying bear spray in urban areas, so local rules may apply.
Canadian border authorities treat pepper spray for human use as a prohibited weapon.
The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) notes that only animal repellents like bear spray and dog spray are permitted for importation, and misuse of those products may still lead to charges.
In short: you cannot legally order pepper spray online or bring it across the border for self-defence.
Possessing pepper spray for use against people is not a minor issue.
If convicted of possessing a prohibited weapon, a person could face:
Outcomes depend on the case, but Canadian law is clear: pepper spray is not a lawful self-defence option.
Even though pepper spray is banned, there are other legal ways Canadians can think about personal safety, such as:
These options fall outside the prohibited weapon category and can provide peace of mind without creating legal risks.
Being charged with possession of pepper spray or misuse of bear spray is serious.
Convictions can affect employment, travel, and reputation.
Speaking with a criminal defence lawyer can help you understand your rights and what legal options may be available.
Browne Criminal Defence, located in Calgary, represents individuals facing weapons-related charges, including gun violations, cases involving pepper spray, and other prohibited items.
Is it illegal to have pepper spray in Canada?
Yes. Pepper spray designed for use against people is a prohibited weapon under federal law.
Can you carry bear spray for self-defence in Canada?
No, you can not carry bear spray for self-defence in Canada. Bear spray is only legal for use against animals. Using or carrying it for self-defence against people can lead to criminal charges.
Why is pepper spray banned in Canada?
Pepper spray is banned in Canada because of public safety concerns and its classification as a prohibited weapon under the Criminal Code.
What happens if you’re caught with pepper spray?
You could face charges such as possession of a prohibited weapon, fines, jail time, and a criminal record.
Can I order pepper spray from the U.S.?
No. The CBSA prohibits importation of pepper spray for human use. Only animal repellents are permitted, and misuse may still result in charges.
What can I carry instead of pepper spray in Canada?
Legal alternatives to pepper spray in Canada include personal alarms, safety apps, and self-defence training.
Disclaimer
The information provided on this website is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Viewing this website, submitting an inquiry, or communicating with our firm through this site does not create a lawyer-client relationship. No representation is made that the quality of the legal services to be performed is greater than the quality of legal services performed by other lawyers. For advice tailored to your unique circumstances, please consult with our lawyers directly. Past results do not guarantee similar outcomes. This website may contain links to external resources; we do not endorse or assume responsibility for the accuracy of third-party content.